公教育確立期における「御真影」の下賜と宿直制度

Abstract

In this paper, I first summarised previous research and verified the facts of ‘Goshin’ei’ (meaning ‘venerable true shadow’ that was eventually used to refer to portraits of Emperor Meiji) that occupied a significant position as a method of showing their respect to the emperor during school ceremonies in the pre-World War II period. The study looked into the history of Goshin’ei’ in Japan during the 20’s and 30’s of the Meiji period based on historical documents: receiving and presenting ‘Goshin’ei.’ In addition, we have considered the period from the 20’s to 40’s of the Meiji period and examined how school teachers and staff stored (hōchi) and guarded (hōgo) ‘Goshin’ei’. Furthermore, this paper also clarifies the facts the overnight duty of teachers who closely related with their role to store and guard ‘Goshin’ei’, even at the risk of their lives. Regarding the contents and characteristics of the school ceremonies in the Meiji period, this is summarised in Seikei University, Annual of the Teacher Training Course No. 28. “School and Society-Holidays and School Ceremony during the Establishment Period of Public Education” (published by Seikei University Teacher Training Course Centre, 2019). Therefore, what is referred to as ‘the previous paper’ in this study refers to the above-mentioned article.